Keywords : Smart agriculture, Internet of Things (IoT), Machine Learning (ML), Precision agriculture, Sustainable farming, Agricultural technology, Data-driven decision-making

Abstract : This comprehensive review examines the transformative potential of Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine Learning (ML) technologies in smart agriculture. The paper outlines the key architectural components and data processing frameworks enabling the integration of these advanced technologies into agricultural systems. It explores IoT-enabled applications, such as precision agriculture and smart farming, showcasing how sensor data, efficient communication, and data-driven decision-making can enhance productivity, improve resource utilization, and promote sustainable farming. The review also identifies research gaps, including the need for lightweight security algorithms and cost-effective solutions for developing countries. By addressing these challenges, the scientific community can contribute to the realization of a more technologically advanced, data-driven, and environmentally conscious agricultural ecosystem.

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