Keywords : Goods and Services Tax, One Nation One Tax, Indirect Taxation, GST Council, Indian Economy

Abstract : The implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) represents a landmark reform in India’s indirect taxation system. Introduced with the vision of “One Nation, One Tax,” GST aims to replace a fragmented and multi-layered tax structure with a unified, transparent, and technology-driven framework. This paper presents a conceptual analysis of the framework, structure, objectives, and economic significance of GST in India. The study is based entirely on secondary data collected from government publications, policy documents, and existing academic literature. It examines the theoretical foundation of GST, the dual tax structure adopted in India, and the institutional role of the GST Council in ensuring policy harmonization. The paper also identifies conceptual and administrative challenges that hinder the full realization of a uniform tax system. The study concludes that while GST has significantly transformed India’s indirect tax regime and strengthened economic integration, continuous policy rationalization and simplification are necessary to fully achieve its intended objectives.

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